The fund seeks capital appreciation in the long term by investing in companies across any size in mainland China.

The sub-adviser’s investment process starts with a list of companies in the benchmark index and the research team utilizes quantitative techniques and fundamental analysis to identify investment opportunities.

The fund will include investments in exchange-traded funds that have policies to invest 80% or more of their assets in China A Shares.

China A Shares are only available to non-mainland China investors like the fund through the Shanghai-Hong Kong and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect programs or the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor and Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor systems.

Next, the research team relies on fundamental analysis to evaluate a company on the basis of quality and price.

Also, the research team integrates environmental, social and governance factors as part of its process.

Then the manager constructs a portfolio from a list of companies favored by the research team and allocates capital based on its conviction level.

In addition, the fund may invest in securities of any market sector and may hold a significant amount of securities of companies, from time to time, within a single sector.

The fund also may invest in equity-linked notes.

The fund seeks high current dividend income and total return by investing in companies across any size outside the United States.

The sub-adviser’s investment process starts with a list of companies in the benchmark index and the research team utilizes quantitative techniques and fundamental analysis to identify investment opportunities.

The strategy seeks high current dividend income, more than 50% of which qualifies for the reduced U.S. federal income tax rates for qualified dividend income.

A qualified foreign corporation is defined as any corporation that is incorporated in a possession of the United States or is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States.

Next, the research team invests in the securities of certain domestic and foreign corporations.

The team focuses on dividend paying companies that are estimated to trade below their fair values relative to the market and to the securities' historic valuations.

In addition, the team considers factors such as earnings growth, cash flow, and historical payment of dividends.

According to the team, corporations that pay dividend income may also include companies that have announced a special dividend or will pay dividends within six months.

Also, the research team integrates environmental, social and governance factors as part of its process.

Then the manager constructs a portfolio of stocks from a list of companies favored by the research team and allocates capital based on its conviction level.

The fund has the flexibility to invest without limitation in the securities of foreign issuers that are publicly traded in the United States or on foreign exchanges, provided that no more than 25% of its net assets are invested in emerging markets.

According to the team, an emerging market country is any country to have an emerging market economy, considering factors such as the country’s credit rating, its political and economic stability and the development of its financial and capital markets.

Emerging market countries generally include every nation in the world except the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and most countries located in Western Europe.

In order to achieve its dividend, the fund may engage in active and frequent trading which may result in higher turnover and associated transaction costs for the fund.

The fund seeks capital appreciation in the long term by investing in companies across any size outside the United States.

The fund prefers a multi-manager investing approach with the aim of reducing volatility and downside risk.

The fund manages assets with the help of two sub-advisers namely Aberdeen Standard Investments (Asia) Limited and Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited.

The sub-advisers’ investment process starts with a list of companies in the benchmark index and the research team utilizes quantitative techniques and fundamental analysis to identify investment opportunities.

Next, the research team focuses on securities of emerging market companies.

According to the team, an emerging market country is any country to have an emerging market economy, considering factors such as the country’s credit rating, its political and economic stability and the development of its financial and capital markets.

Emerging market countries include every nation in the world except the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and most countries located in Western Europe.

The research process is driven by fundamental analysis of one stock at a time. In selecting securities for the portfolio, the research team relies on first-hand research and disciplined company evaluation.

Also, the research team integrates environmental, social and governance factors as part of its process.

Then the manager constructs a portfolio of stocks from a list of companies favored by the research team and allocates capital based on its conviction level.

At times, the fund may have a significant amount of its assets invested in a country or geographic region.

Also, the fund may invest in securities of any market sector and may hold a significant amount of securities of companies, from time to time, within a single sector.

The fund seeks capital appreciation in the long term by investing in companies across any size outside the United States.

The sub-adviser’s investment process starts with a list of companies in the benchmark index and the research team utilizes quantitative techniques and fundamental analysis to identify investment opportunities.

Next, the research team invests in securities issued by companies located throughout the world (including the U.S.), and also invests significantly in non-U.S. companies.

According to the team, a company is considered to be a non-U.S. company if the company is organized under the laws of or has its principal office in a country outside the U.S., or has its principal securities trading market in a country outside the U.S.

Also, the team considers a company to be a non-U.S. company if the company derives the majority of its annual revenue or earnings or assets from goods produced, sales made or services performed in a country outside the U.S.

The research process is driven by fundamental analysis of one stock at a time. In selecting securities for the portfolio, the research team relies on fundamental analysis to evaluate companies on the basis of quality and price.

Also, the research team integrates environmental, social and governance factors as part of its process.

Then the manager constructs a portfolio of stocks from a list of companies favored by the research team and allocates capital based on its conviction level.

The fund invests in securities from at least three different countries, and may also invest in companies of emerging market countries.

At times, the fund may have a significant amount of its net assets invested in a country or geographic region.

In addition, the fund may invest in securities of any market sector and may hold a significant amount of securities of companies, from time to time, within a single sector.

The fund may invest in securities denominated in U.S. dollars and the currencies of the foreign countries in which it is permitted to invest.

The fund seeks capital appreciation in the long term by investing in companies located throughout the world including the U.S.

The sub-adviser’s investment process starts with a list of companies in the benchmark index and the research team utilizes quantitative techniques and fundamental analysis to identify investment opportunities.

The investment team invests in securities of companies that aim to create positive measurable environmental and/or social impacts, and will invest significantly in non-U.S. companies.

According to the team, a company is considered to be a non-U.S. company if the company is organized under the laws of, or has its principal office in, a country outside the U.S., or the company has its principal securities trading market in a country outside the U.S., and/or the company derives the majority of its annual revenue or earnings or assets from goods produced, sales made or services performed in a country outside the U.S.

In selecting securities for the portfolio, the research team considers factors that drive a company's share price, as well as the company's environmental and social impact practices.

The research process is driven by fundamental analysis of one stock at a time. Next, the research team examines the company's ability to deliver positive outcomes for the environment and society in nine areas or pillars.

The nine areas or pillars are circular economy, sustainable energy, food and agriculture, water and sanitation, health and social care, financial inclusion, sustainable real estate and infrastructure, education and employment, and impact leaders.

The team generally aligns its impact assessment to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Then the manager constructs a portfolio of stocks from a list of companies favored by the research team and allocates capital based on its conviction level.

The manager invests in securities from at least three different countries, and may also invest in companies of emerging market countries.

At times, the fund may have a significant amount of its assets invested in a country or geographic region.

Also, the fund may invest in securities denominated in U.S. dollars and currencies of the foreign countries in which it is permitted to invest.

Additionally, the fund may invest in securities of any market sector and may hold a significant amount of securities of companies, from time to time, within a single sector.
 

The fund seeks primarily capital appreciation and secondarily current income by investing in companies across any size outside the United States.

The sub-adviser’s investment process starts with a list of companies in the benchmark index and the research team utilizes quantitative techniques and fundamental analysis to identify investment opportunities.

Next, the research team invests in the securities of U.S. and non-U.S. infrastructure-related issuers.

According to the team, an infrastructure-related issuer has at least 50% of its assets consisting of infrastructure assets or 50% of its gross income or net profits attributable to or derived, directly or indirectly, from the ownership, management, construction, development, operation, utilization or financing of infrastructure assets.

Examples of infrastructure assets include transportation assets, utility assets, and social assets.

In addition, the fund maintains no less than 40% of its net assets in the securities of issuers located outside of the United States.

Also, the fund will allocate its net assets among issuers located in no fewer than three different countries, one of which may be the United States.

The fund considers an issuer to be located in a country if the issuer is organized under the laws of the country or maintains its principal place of business in that country, or the issuer's securities are traded principally in the country.

Additionally, the fund considers an issuer to be located in a country if during the issuer's most recent fiscal year, such issuer derived at least 50% of its revenues or profits from goods produced or sold, investments made, or services performed in the country or has at least 50% of its assets in that country.

The research process is driven by fundamental analysis of one stock at a time. In selecting securities for the portfolio, the research team relies on fundamental analysis to evaluate companies on the basis of quality and price.

Also, the research team integrates environmental, social and governance factors as part of its process.

Then the manager constructs a portfolio of stocks from a list of companies favored by the research team and allocates capital based on its conviction level.

The fund concentrates its investments in infrastructure-related issuers.

Also, the fund may invest without limitation in the securities of foreign issuers that are publicly traded in the United States or on foreign exchanges, including securities of emerging market issuers, and in depositary receipts.
 

The fund seeks capital appreciation in the long term by investing in companies outside the United States.

The sub-advisor’s investment process starts with a list of companies in the benchmark index and the research team utilizes quantitative techniques and fundamental analysis to identify investment opportunities.

Next, the research team focuses on companies located in, or that derive a significant portion of their earnings or revenues from, a number of countries around the world other than the U.S., including emerging market countries.

The team relies on fundamental analysis to identify good quality companies with balance sheet strength and superior cash flow generation potential.

In addition, the team evaluates a company’s relative value, and non-correlated assets.

The team also focuses on companies that are lagging in market price for temporary reasons and are trading at a discount to their estimated intrinsic value but have the potential to increase market price over time.

As part of its research process, the team considers companies operated with proven management teams with track records of delivering results in all economic conditions and having the ability to sustain and increase profits over time.

Then the manager constructs a portfolio of stocks from a list of companies favored by the research team and allocates capital based on its conviction level.

The fund seeks primarily capital appreciation in the long term and secondarily current income by investing in companies across any size outside the United States.

The sub-adviser’s investment process starts with a list of companies in the benchmark index and the research team utilizes quantitative techniques and fundamental analysis to identify investment opportunities.

Next, the research team focuses on securities of non-U.S. issuers located in at least three countries (excluding the United States).

The team considers companies which are principally engaged in the real estate industry, or are principally engaged in real estate financing or control real estate assets with an aggregate estimated value equal to no less than 50% of such issuer's assets.

These companies include, but are not limited to, real estate investment trusts, real estate operating companies and homebuilders, and companies with a majority of real estate holdings, such as hotel and entertainment companies.

In addition, the team emphasizes investments in Western Europe, Australia, Canada, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, China, India and Brazil.

The team defines Western Europe as Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

In selecting securities for the portfolio, the research team focuses on foreign companies that are trading at significant discounts to their estimated intrinsic value.

The team also considers company fundamentals and the strength of its management teams, as well as economic, market and political conditions in the countries in which a company is located and operates when making investment decisions.

In addition, the team prefers companies with earnings growth that are trading at reasonable valuations.

Additionally, the team integrates environmental, social and governance factors as part of its process.

Then the manager constructs a portfolio of stocks from a list of companies favored by the research team and allocates capital based on its conviction level.

Generally, the fund concentrates its investments in the securities of companies engaged principally in the real estate industry and may invest all of its assets in such securities.

However, the fund may temporarily invest less than 25% of its net assets in such securities during periods of adverse economic conditions in the real estate industry.

Additionally, the fund may invest without limitation in foreign securities, including direct investments in securities of foreign issuers and investments in depositary receipts.

Also, a fund's investments in foreign securities may include the securities of issuers in emerging markets.

The fund seeks capital appreciation in the long term by investing in small-size companies outside the United States.

The sub-adviser’s investment process starts with a list of companies in the benchmark index and the research team utilizes quantitative techniques and fundamental analysis to identify investment opportunities.

According to the investment team, a company is considered to be a non-U.S. company if the company is organized under the laws of or has its principal office in a country outside the U.S., or the company has its principal securities trading market in a country outside the U.S., and/or the company derives the majority of its annual revenue or earnings or assets from goods produced, sales made or services performed in a country outside the U.S.

The research process is driven by fundamental analysis of one stock at a time. Next, the research team evaluates a company to select securities for the portfolio.

Also, the research team integrates environmental, social and governance factors as part of its process.

Then the manager constructs a portfolio of stocks from a list of companies favored by the research team and allocates capital based on its conviction level.

Also, a number of countries around the world will be represented in the portfolio, some of which may be considered to be emerging market countries.

At times, the fund may have a significant amount of its net assets invested in a country or geographic region.

Additionally, the fund may invest in securities of any market sector and may hold a significant amount of securities of companies, from time to time, within a single sector.
 

The fund seeks capital appreciation in the long term by investing in companies across any size outside the United States.

The sub-adviser’s investment process starts with a list of companies in the benchmark index and the research team utilizes quantitative techniques and fundamental analysis to identify investment opportunities.

The fundamental, bottom-up investment process starts by identifying foreign companies that exhibit superior and improving prospects.

The investment team also considers environmental, social and governance factors when assessing investment opportunities and this analysis forms an integral part of the quality rating for all companies.

Then the team focuses on sustainable businesses and the company's ESG performance.

The research team evaluates companies on the basis of quality and price. Next, the team assigns each company a proprietary overall and also an ESG-quality rating ranging from 1 to 5 (1 indicating leaders and 5 indicating laggards).

The team prefers companies rated 3 or better on both the overall and ESG-quality rating. In the overall quality sleeve, the manager evaluates a company’s growth prospects and balance sheet strength.

In the ESG-quality sleeve, the manager evaluates the company’s ownership structures, governance and management quality as well as potential environmental and social risks.

The fund will not invest in companies that have failed to uphold one or more principles of the UN Global Compact, an industry tied to controversial weapons; or a revenue contribution of 10% or more from the manufacture or sale of conventional weapons or weapons systems; or a revenue contribution of 10% or more from tobacco or are tobacco manufacturers, or more from the extraction of unconventional oil and gas, or a revenue contribution from thermal coal extraction.

Then the manager constructs a portfolio of stocks from a list of companies favored by the research team and allocates capital based on its conviction level.

Additionally, the fund may invest in securities of any market sector and may hold a significant amount of securities of companies, from time to time, within a single sector.
 

The fund seeks primarily a high level of current income and secondarily capital appreciation by investing in companies across any size in the United States.

The sub-adviser’s investment process is designed to highlight companies that are engaged in the real estate industry and financing or control real estate assets with an aggregate estimated value equal to no less than 50% of such issuer's assets.

These companies include real estate investment trusts, real estate operating companies and homebuilders, and companies with a majority of real estate holdings, such as hotel and entertainment companies.

Next, the research team focuses on companies offering high dividend yields exhibiting the potential for superior capital appreciation.

In selecting securities for the portfolio, the team favors dividend-paying companies having excellent underlying assets and earnings.

Also, the research team integrates environmental, social and governance factors as part of its process.

Then the manager constructs a portfolio from a list of companies in the benchmark index favored by the research team and allocates capital based on its conviction level.

The fund may temporarily invest less than 25% of its net assets in companies engaged principally in the real estate industry during periods of adverse economic conditions in the real estate industry.

The fund may invest up to 35% of its net assets in foreign securities.

The fund is non-diversified and may invest a greater percentage of its net assets in the securities of a single issuer.
 

The fund seeks capital appreciation in the long term by investing in companies across any size in the United States.

The fundamental, bottom-up investment process starts by identifying companies in the benchmark index that exhibit improving prospects and attractive valuations.

The investment team also considers environmental, social and governance factors when assessing investment opportunities and this analysis forms an integral part of the quality rating for all companies.

Then the team focuses on sustainable businesses and the company's ESG performance.

The research team evaluates companies on the basis of quality and price. Next, the team assigns  each company a proprietary overall and also an ESG-quality rating ranging from 1 to 5 (1 indicating leaders and 5 indicating laggards).

The team prefers companies rated 3 or better on both the overall and ESG-quality rating. In the overall quality sleeve, the manager evaluates a company’s growth prospects and balance sheet strength.

In the ESG-quality sleeve, the manager evaluates the company’s ownership structures, governance and management quality as well as potential environmental and social risks.

The fund will not invest in companies that have failed to uphold one or more principles of the UN Global Compact, an industry tied to controversial weapons; or a revenue contribution of 10% or more from tobacco manufacturers; or from the extraction of unconventional oil and gas, or a revenue contribution from thermal coal extraction.

Then the research team constructs a portfolio of companies based on their long-term growth outlook. The fund may invest in securities of any market sector and may hold a significant amount of securities of companies, from time to time, within a single sector.

The fund may also invest in non-U.S. companies, including primarily Canadian companies

The fund seeks capital appreciation in the long term by investing in small-and mid-size companies in the United States.

The fundamental, bottom-up investment process focuses on sustainable businesses and the company's ESG performance. In addition, meeting with company management is a key part of the research process.

The research team then focuses on companies on the basis of quality and price. Next, the team assigns  each company a proprietary overall and also an ESG-quality rating ranging from 1 to 5 (1 indicating leaders and 5 indicating laggards).

The team prefers companies rated 3 or better on both the overall and ESG-quality rating. In the overall quality sleeve, the manager evaluates a company’s growth prospects and balance sheet strength.

In the ESG-quality sleeve, the manager evaluates the company’s ownership structures, governance and management quality as well as potential environmental and social risks.

The fund will not invest in companies that have failed to uphold one or more principles of the UN Global Compact, an industry tie to controversial weapons; or a revenue contribution of 10% or more from tobacco manufacturers; or from the extraction of unconventional oil and gas.

The fund seeks capital appreciation in the long term by investing in small-size companies in the United States.

The investment process starts with a list of companies in the benchmark index and the research team utilizes quantitative techniques and fundamental analysis to identify investment opportunities.

Next, the research team invests in securities issued by U.S. small-cap companies.

According to the team, a company is considered to be a U.S. company if the company is organized under the laws of, or has its principal office in the United States, or the company has its principal securities trading market in the United States.

The team also considers a company to be a U.S. company if the company derives the majority of its annual revenue or earnings or assets from goods produced, sales made or services performed in the United States.

The research process is driven by fundamental analysis of one stock at a time. In selecting securities for the portfolio, the research team evaluates companies on the basis of quality and price.

Also, the research team integrates environmental, social and governance factors as part of its process.

Then the manager constructs a portfolio of stocks from a list of companies favored by the research team and allocates capital based on its conviction level.

The fund also may invest in foreign securities and securities of larger companies.

Also, the fund may invest in securities of any market sector and may hold a significant amount of securities of companies, from time to time, within a single sector.

The fund may invest in securities denominated in U.S. dollars and the currencies of any foreign countries in which it is permitted to invest.

Additionally, the fund invests predominantly in securities of U.S. issuers and may invest to a limited extent in Canadian issuers.